Stress (physiology) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology) 00:02:21 1 Overview 00:05:28 2 Psychology 00:08:32 3 Etymology and historical usage 00:10:38 4 Biological need for equilibrium 00:12:53 5 Biological background 00:14:39 6 Biology of stress 00:20:38 7 Effects of chronic stress 00:21:59 7.1 Immunological 00:23:23 7.2 Infectious 00:23:50 7.3 Chronic disease 00:25:10 7.4 Development 00:25:48 7.5 Psychopathology 00:27:28 8 Psychological concepts 00:27:39 8.1 Eustress 00:28:40 8.2 Coping 00:31:17 8.3 Cognitive appraisal 00:32:49 9 Assessment 00:32:59 9.1 Measuring Stress 00:35:02 9.2 Health risk factors 00:36:56 9.3 General adaptation syndrome 00:37:54 9.3.1 Stage 1 00:39:27 9.3.2 Stage 2 00:40:27 9.3.3 Stage 3 00:42:05 10 History in research 00:47:35 11 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.7553087733100183 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Stress, either physiological or biological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. Stimuli that alter an organism's environment are responded to by multiple systems in the body. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are two major systems that respond to stress.The sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis may activate the fight-or-flight response through the sympathetic nervous system, which dedicates energy to more relevant bodily systems to acute adaptation to stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis. The second major physiological stress, the HPA axis regulates the release of cortisol, which influences many bodily functions such as metabolic, psychological and immunological functions. The SAM and HPA axes are regulated by several brain regions, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and stria terminalis.Through these mechanisms, stress can alter memory functions, reward, immune function, metabolism and susceptibility to diseases. Definitions of stress differ. One system suggests there are five types of stress labeled "acute time-limited stressors", "brief naturalistic stressors", "stressful event sequences", "chronic stressors", and "distant stressors". An acute time-limited stressor involves a short-term challenge, while a brief natural stressor involves an event that is normal but nevertheless challenging. A stressful event sequence is a stressor that occurs, and then continues to yield stress into the immediate future. A chronic stressor involves exposure to a long-term stressor, and a distant stressor is a stressor that is not immediate.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology) 00:02:21 1 Overview 00:05:28 2 Psychology 00:08:32 3 Etymology and historical usage 00:10:38 4 Biological need for equilibrium 00:12:53 5 Biological background 00:14:39 6 Biology of stress 00:20:38 7 Effects of chronic stress 00:21:59 7.1 Immunological 00:23:23 7.2 Infectious 00:23:50 7.3 Chronic disease 00:25:10 7.4 Development 00:25:48 7.5 Psychopathology 00:27:28 8 Psychological concepts 00:27:39 8.1 Eustress 00:28:40 8.2 Coping 00:31:17 8.3 Cognitive appraisal 00:32:49 9 Assessment 00:32:59 9.1 Measuring Stress 00:35:02 9.2 Health risk factors 00:36:56 9.3 General adaptation syndrome 00:37:54 9.3.1 Stage 1 00:39:27 9.3.2 Stage 2 00:40:27 9.3.3 Stage 3 00:42:05 10 History in research 00:47:35 11 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.7553087733100183 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Stress, either physiological or biological, is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. Stimuli that alter an organism's environment are responded to by multiple systems in the body. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are two major systems that respond to stress.The sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis may activate the fight-or-flight response through the sympathetic nervous system, which dedicates energy to more relevant bodily systems to acute adaptation to stress, while the parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis. The second major physiological stress, the HPA axis regulates the release of cortisol, which influences many bodily functions such as metabolic, psychological and immunological functions. The SAM and HPA axes are regulated by several brain regions, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and stria terminalis.Through these mechanisms, stress can alter memory functions, reward, immune function, metabolism and susceptibility to diseases. Definitions of stress differ. One system suggests there are five types of stress labeled "acute time-limited stressors", "brief naturalistic stressors", "stressful event sequences", "chronic stressors", and "distant stressors". An acute time-limited stressor involves a short-term challenge, while a brief natural stressor involves an event that is normal but nevertheless challenging. A stressful event sequence is a stressor that occurs, and then continues to yield stress into the immediate future. A chronic stressor involves exposure to a long-term stressor, and a distant stressor is a stressor that is not immediate.