Personal Pronouns in Turkish Language (Grammar Lesson #10)
This video describes personal pronouns in Turkish language. The script of this video is as following: Hi everyone. In this lesson, we will learn personal pronouns in Turkish language. So, let's start. You might already know or guess that pronouns in Turkish language are very similar to pronouns in other languages. They are somehow universal. So, same as in many other languages, Turkish language also has 6 personal pronouns. Accordingly, the first person singular is BEN - I The second person singular is SEN - YOU The third person singular is O - which means HE, SHE or IT The first person plural is BİZ - WE The second person plural is SİZ - YOU The third person plural is ONLAR - THEY Of course, this is the basics. There are some additional things we need to keep in mind about Turkish personal pronouns. The first thing that we have to remember is that the personal pronoun “o” may mean “he”, “she” or “it”. You might immediately ask yourself which one is meant by "o" then in practice. Well, the way you understand which third person specifically is meant in the sentence is mostly through the context. And if it’s not clear from the context, you would simply ask an additional question to clarify (like “who?”, “whom do you mean?”). And the person would respond to clarify and say, for example, I mean Arzu (female name) or that person's mother, or somebody else who is female. So, in that case "o" would mean SHE. But believe me, in most cases, you would know whether it is HE, SHE or IT from the context. Second, we should remember not to confuse the personal pronoun “o” (he/she/it) with the demonstrative pronoun “o” (that). To distinguish them you can check the following rule. Personal pronouns always act as a subject, while demonstrative pronouns mostly act as an adjective before a noun. Look at the examples below: O erken geldi - He/she/it came early (acting as a subject) O adam erken geldi - That man came early (acting as an adjective) Third, the personal pronoun “siz” (you) is used either to address two or more people OR to address someone in a formal way (similar to the use of “usted” in Spanish), and which one you mean is again understood from the context. But the story doesn't end here. Why? Because there is a related thing you need to know about the role of Turkish pronouns in a sentence. Accordingly, same as in several other “pronoun-dropping” languages (Spanish, French, Romanian, etc.), you can drop pronouns in Turkish sentences too, because the pronoun can be inferred from the action verb. For this you need to know the following key consonants that would appear in the personal endings of the action verbs. For the first person singular pronoun BEN you would usually see the consonant -m at the end of the action verbs. For the second person singular pronoun SEN you would usually see the consonants -n or -s-n For the third person singular pronoun O you would not see any peculiar consonant or even personal ending For the first person plural pronoun BİZ you would usually see the consonants -z, -k For the second person plural pronoun SİZ you would usually see the consonants -n-z, -s-n-z Last, for the third person plural pronoun ONLAR, you again would not see any peculiar consonant or personal ending. The only ending that you have here is the ending -lar, which makes the pronoun plural and distinguishes it from the third person singular pronoun O. I have two more notes before we finish this lesson. First is the fact that you don’t need to use personal pronouns in Turkish sentences (they are already inferred from the action verbs), unless there is a need for that, perhaps to stress the pronoun deliberately. Look at the examples below: Gördüm - I saw (no stress here) so you don't need to use pronoun BEN here Ben gördüm - I saw (stress on “ben” here) Second, when the subject of the third person plural (“they”) in the sentence is known, it is common in daily language to omit the plural ending -lar at the end of the action verb. But if the subject is not specified, you usually would not drop that ending. Because if you drop it in the absence of a subject, then it would refer to a third person singular HE/SHE/IT. Look at the examples below: Çocuklar kitap okuyorlar = Çocuklar kitap okuyor = The children are reading a book Kitap okuyorlar = They are reading a book That's it for personal pronouns in Turkish language. See you in the next lessons! Music used in this video: Mysteries (by YouTube), Safety Net (by YouTube) #Turkish #LearnTurkish #TurkishLanguage
This video describes personal pronouns in Turkish language. The script of this video is as following: Hi everyone. In this lesson, we will learn personal pronouns in Turkish language. So, let's start. You might already know or guess that pronouns in Turkish language are very similar to pronouns in other languages. They are somehow universal. So, same as in many other languages, Turkish language also has 6 personal pronouns. Accordingly, the first person singular is BEN - I The second person singular is SEN - YOU The third person singular is O - which means HE, SHE or IT The first person plural is BİZ - WE The second person plural is SİZ - YOU The third person plural is ONLAR - THEY Of course, this is the basics. There are some additional things we need to keep in mind about Turkish personal pronouns. The first thing that we have to remember is that the personal pronoun “o” may mean “he”, “she” or “it”. You might immediately ask yourself which one is meant by "o" then in practice. Well, the way you understand which third person specifically is meant in the sentence is mostly through the context. And if it’s not clear from the context, you would simply ask an additional question to clarify (like “who?”, “whom do you mean?”). And the person would respond to clarify and say, for example, I mean Arzu (female name) or that person's mother, or somebody else who is female. So, in that case "o" would mean SHE. But believe me, in most cases, you would know whether it is HE, SHE or IT from the context. Second, we should remember not to confuse the personal pronoun “o” (he/she/it) with the demonstrative pronoun “o” (that). To distinguish them you can check the following rule. Personal pronouns always act as a subject, while demonstrative pronouns mostly act as an adjective before a noun. Look at the examples below: O erken geldi - He/she/it came early (acting as a subject) O adam erken geldi - That man came early (acting as an adjective) Third, the personal pronoun “siz” (you) is used either to address two or more people OR to address someone in a formal way (similar to the use of “usted” in Spanish), and which one you mean is again understood from the context. But the story doesn't end here. Why? Because there is a related thing you need to know about the role of Turkish pronouns in a sentence. Accordingly, same as in several other “pronoun-dropping” languages (Spanish, French, Romanian, etc.), you can drop pronouns in Turkish sentences too, because the pronoun can be inferred from the action verb. For this you need to know the following key consonants that would appear in the personal endings of the action verbs. For the first person singular pronoun BEN you would usually see the consonant -m at the end of the action verbs. For the second person singular pronoun SEN you would usually see the consonants -n or -s-n For the third person singular pronoun O you would not see any peculiar consonant or even personal ending For the first person plural pronoun BİZ you would usually see the consonants -z, -k For the second person plural pronoun SİZ you would usually see the consonants -n-z, -s-n-z Last, for the third person plural pronoun ONLAR, you again would not see any peculiar consonant or personal ending. The only ending that you have here is the ending -lar, which makes the pronoun plural and distinguishes it from the third person singular pronoun O. I have two more notes before we finish this lesson. First is the fact that you don’t need to use personal pronouns in Turkish sentences (they are already inferred from the action verbs), unless there is a need for that, perhaps to stress the pronoun deliberately. Look at the examples below: Gördüm - I saw (no stress here) so you don't need to use pronoun BEN here Ben gördüm - I saw (stress on “ben” here) Second, when the subject of the third person plural (“they”) in the sentence is known, it is common in daily language to omit the plural ending -lar at the end of the action verb. But if the subject is not specified, you usually would not drop that ending. Because if you drop it in the absence of a subject, then it would refer to a third person singular HE/SHE/IT. Look at the examples below: Çocuklar kitap okuyorlar = Çocuklar kitap okuyor = The children are reading a book Kitap okuyorlar = They are reading a book That's it for personal pronouns in Turkish language. See you in the next lessons! Music used in this video: Mysteries (by YouTube), Safety Net (by YouTube) #Turkish #LearnTurkish #TurkishLanguage