Polonium | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium 00:01:27 1 Characteristics 00:02:18 1.1 Solid state form 00:03:31 1.2 Chemistry 00:04:27 1.2.1 Compounds 00:06:48 1.3 Isotopes 00:07:34 2 History 00:09:51 3 Occurrence and production 00:12:05 4 Applications 00:16:00 5 Biology and toxicity 00:16:10 5.1 Overview 00:18:00 5.2 Acute effects 00:19:21 5.3 Long term (chronic) effects 00:19:25 5.4 Regulatory exposure limits and handling 00:19:35 5.5 Well-known poisoning cases 00:20:09 5.5.1 20th century 00:22:21 5.5.2 21st century 00:22:30 5.6 Treatment 00:24:53 5.7 Detection in biological specimens 00:26:55 5.8 Occurrence in humans and the biosphere 00:27:33 5.9 Tobacco 00:28:15 5.10 Food 00:29:49 6 See also 00:30:37 7 References 00:30:50 8 Bibliography Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84. A rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Due to the short half-life of all its isotopes, its natural occurrence is limited to tiny traces of the fleeting polonium-210 (with a half-life of 138 days) in uranium ores, as it is the penultimate daughter of natural uranium-238. Though slightly longer-lived isotopes exist, they are much more difficult to produce. Today, polonium is usually produced in milligram quantities by the neutron irradiation of bismuth. Due to its intense radioactivity, which results in the radiolysis of chemical bonds and radioactive self-heating, its chemistry has mostly been investigated on the trace scale only. Polonium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie, when it was extracted from uranium ore and identified solely by its strong radioactivity: it was the first element to be so discovered. Polonium was named after Marie Curie's homeland of Poland. Polonium has few applications, and those are related to its radioactivity: heaters in space probes, antistatic devices, and sources of neutrons and alpha particles. This radioactivity makes polonium dangerously toxic.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium 00:01:27 1 Characteristics 00:02:18 1.1 Solid state form 00:03:31 1.2 Chemistry 00:04:27 1.2.1 Compounds 00:06:48 1.3 Isotopes 00:07:34 2 History 00:09:51 3 Occurrence and production 00:12:05 4 Applications 00:16:00 5 Biology and toxicity 00:16:10 5.1 Overview 00:18:00 5.2 Acute effects 00:19:21 5.3 Long term (chronic) effects 00:19:25 5.4 Regulatory exposure limits and handling 00:19:35 5.5 Well-known poisoning cases 00:20:09 5.5.1 20th century 00:22:21 5.5.2 21st century 00:22:30 5.6 Treatment 00:24:53 5.7 Detection in biological specimens 00:26:55 5.8 Occurrence in humans and the biosphere 00:27:33 5.9 Tobacco 00:28:15 5.10 Food 00:29:49 6 See also 00:30:37 7 References 00:30:50 8 Bibliography Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts "There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84. A rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth. Due to the short half-life of all its isotopes, its natural occurrence is limited to tiny traces of the fleeting polonium-210 (with a half-life of 138 days) in uranium ores, as it is the penultimate daughter of natural uranium-238. Though slightly longer-lived isotopes exist, they are much more difficult to produce. Today, polonium is usually produced in milligram quantities by the neutron irradiation of bismuth. Due to its intense radioactivity, which results in the radiolysis of chemical bonds and radioactive self-heating, its chemistry has mostly been investigated on the trace scale only. Polonium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie, when it was extracted from uranium ore and identified solely by its strong radioactivity: it was the first element to be so discovered. Polonium was named after Marie Curie's homeland of Poland. Polonium has few applications, and those are related to its radioactivity: heaters in space probes, antistatic devices, and sources of neutrons and alpha particles. This radioactivity makes polonium dangerously toxic.